Hormonal changes are a natural part of life, especially for women. These fluctuations can significantly impact various aspects of health, including oral health. Women experience hormonal changes during menstruation, pregnancy and menopause, so understanding them is crucial for maintaining good oral hygiene.
How is oral health related to hormones?
Oestrogen and progesterone can increase the flow of blood to gums. Due to hormonal fluctuations, women can become more susceptible to swollen and bleeding gums. Also, higher levels of oestrogen, increases the risk of periodontal diseases.
Hormonal changes and their effect on oral health
1. Puberty:
- During puberty, the surge in hormones can increase blood flow to the gums, making them more sensitive and prone to swelling.
- Teenagers may experience gingivitis.
2. Menstruation:
- Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle can lead to menstruation gingivitis.
- Symptoms include swollen gums, bleeding and sores inside the mouth, usually before a period begins.
3. Pregnancy:
- Pregnancy causes a spike in progesterone levels, which can lead to pregnancy gingivitis. Symptoms include red and swollen gums that bleeds easily.
- Pregnant women are also at risk of developing pregnancy tumours, benign growths on the gums.
- Increased levels of certain hormones can exacerbate pre-existing gum disease, potentially leading to periodontitis.
- In case of morning sickness, the stomach acid causing vomitting can also erode the tooth enamel.
4. Menopause:
- Menopause leads to a decrease in oestrogen levels, which can cause dry mouth, burning sensations and an increased risk of gum disease.
- Women may also experience bone loss, leading to loose teeth and higher susceptibility to periodontal disease.
- Decreased oestrogen levels after menopause can lead to dry mouth and decreased saliva production. Reduced saliva can increase the risk of tooth decay and gum disease.
5. Hormonal contraceptives:
- Oral contraceptives can mimic the hormonal changes of pregnancy, leading to similar oral health issues like gingivitis and gum inflammation.
- Certain hormonal conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid disorders, can also affect oral health.
- Regular dental check-ups and monitoring for any changes in oral health are important for individuals with these conditions.
Oral health tips during hormonal changes
- Maintain good oral hygiene: Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily to remove plaque and prevent gum disease.
- Visit the dentist regularly: Regular dental check-ups can help detect and treat any oral health issues early on.
- Balanced diet: Eat a diet rich in calcium, vitamin D and other essential nutrients to strengthen teeth and gums.
- Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water to prevent dry mouth, especially during menopause. Avoid drinking soda and smoking.
- Manage stress: High stress can exacerbate oral health issues. Practice stress management techniques like yoga and meditation.
- Inform your healthcare provider: Always inform your healthcare provider about any hormonal changes, including pregnancy or the use of hormonal contraceptives, as this may impact your oral health and treatment plan.
Hormonal changes can have a significant impact on oral health. Understanding these connections is essential for maintaining a healthy smile. By practising good oral hygiene, visiting your healthcare provider and being aware of potential hormonal changes, you can help prevent oral health problems and enjoy a lifetime of healthy teeth and gums.
Sources:
US Department of Health & Human Services
WebMD
Cleveland Clinic
